Course Descriptions

MATHEMATICS COURSES

V620
MATH 6
Grade 6 Required

Math 6 delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to develop computational fluency, deepen conceptual understanding, and apply mathematical practices. Course topics include ratios and rates, fraction and decimal operations, and signed numbers. Students continue to build their algebra skills by plotting points in all four quadrants of the coordinate plane and solving equations and inequalities. Geometry topics include area, surface area, and volume, and statistical work features measures of center and variability, box plots, dot plots, and histograms.

V720
MATH 7
Grade 7 Required

Math 7 delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to develop computational fluency, deepen conceptual understanding, and apply mathematical practices. Throughout the course, students gain a deep understanding of proportions and their use in solving problems. They extend their fluency with operations on rational numbers and translate among different forms of rational numbers. Algebra topics include simplifying and rewriting algebraic expressions and solving more complex equations and inequalities. Students also sketch geometric figures and explore scale drawings, investigate circle properties and angle relationships, and deepen their understanding of area, volume, and surface area. They see how statistics uses sample data to make predictions about populations and compare data from different data sets. Students gain a fundamental understanding of probability and explore different ways to find or estimate probabilities.

V820 
MATH 8
Grade 8 Required

Math 8 delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to develop computational fluency, deepen conceptual understanding, and apply mathematical practices. In this course, students focus on understanding functions — what they are, how to represent them in different ways, and how to write them to model mathematical and real-world situations. In particular, students investigate linear functions by learning about slope and slope-intercept form. Students' understanding of linear functions is extended to statistics, where they make scatter plots and use linear functions to model data. They solve linear equations and equations involving roots, and explore systems of linear equations. Additional topics include exponents, powers of ten, scientific notation, and irrational numbers. Students learn about transformations, and extend that understanding to an investigation of congruence and similarity. Other geometric concepts explored include the Pythagorean theorem, angle relationships, and volumes of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

V821
8th Grade Algebra
Grade 8

8th Grade Algebra provides a curriculum focused on foundational concepts that prepare students for success in Algebra I. Through a "Discovery-Confirmation-Practice"-based exploration of basic concepts, students are challenged to work toward a mastery of computational skills, to deepen their understanding of key ideas and solution strategies, and to extend their knowledge through a variety of problem-solving applications.

V210, V211, V212
NONLINEAR ALGEBRA
Grade 9, 10 Pre-Requisite: Teacher Recommendation 

This three-trimester course is the foundation for high school mathematics courses. Students learn MN Algebra Standards through discovery and application, developing the skills they need to break down complex challenges and demonstrate their knowledge in new situations. Topics covered include a review of linear algebra as well as the study of nonlinear functions, systems of equations/inequalities, polynomials, factoring, radical and rational equations. 

V207, V208, V209
ALGEBRA READINESS
Grade 9, 10 Pre-Requisite: Teacher Recommendation 

This three-trimester course is designed for students not yet ready for Nonlinear Algebra. This course will help students gain the confidence and skills necessary to prepare them for Nonlinear Algebra. Content through linear algebra will be covered. Algebra Readiness provides a curriculum focused on foundational concepts that prepare students for success in Algebra I. Through a "Discovery-Confirmation-Practice"-based exploration of basic concepts, students are challenged to work toward a mastery of computational skills, to deepen their understanding of key ideas and solution strategies, and to extend their knowledge through a variety of problem-solving applications.

V219, V220, V221
GEOMETRY
Grades 10, 11, 12 Pre-Requisite: Nonlinear Algebra 

Geometry builds upon students' command of geometric relationships and formulating mathematical arguments. Students learn through discovery and application, developing the skills they need to break down complex challenges and demonstrate their knowledge in new situations. This is a three-trimester course taken following Nonlinear Algebra. Time will be spent on basic Geometric language including: points, lines, planes, angles, triangles, parallels and perpendiculars. Some topics covered in this course include: triangle congruence, polygon/circle properties, reasoning, transformations, surface area/ volume, right triangle properties and coordinate geometry. 

V216, V217, V218
ALGEBRA II
Grades 10, 11, 12 Pre-Requisite: Geometry 

This is a sequence of three trimesters and will include the study of the following mathematics concepts: number systems; solving equations and inequalities; linear, absolute value, piecewise, quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential and logarithmic functions; solving systems of equations by various methods; matrices; radicals. This course will include a strong emphasis on applying and modeling these concepts in problem solving. Algebra II introduces students to advanced functions, with a focus on developing a strong conceptual grasp of the expressions that define those functions. Students learn through discovery and application, developing the skills they need to break down complex challenges and demonstrate their knowledge in new situations.

V260, V261, V262 
INTEGRATED GEOMETRY/ALGEBRA 2 (LIBERAL ARTS MATH)
Grade 11 and 12 Pre-Requisite: Nonlinear Algebra and teacher recommendation 

This three trimester course is intended for students who plan on attending a technical college or trade school. This course will cover the main standards in Geometry and Algebra 2. Liberal Arts Mathematics focuses on reinforcing, deepening, and extending a student's mathematical understanding. Liberal Arts Mathematics 1 starts with a review of problem-solving skills before moving on to a variety of key algebraic, geometric, and statistical concepts. Throughout the course, students hone their computational skills and extend their knowledge through problem solving and real-world applications.

V1201, V1202, V1203
BASIC MATH
Grade 9

This three-trimester course will help students improve their basic math skills and prepare them for Algebra Readiness. Topics will be related to real world applications. Basic Math offers a structured remediation solution based on the NCTM Curricular Focal Points and is designed to expedite student progress in acquiring 3rd- to 5th-grade skills. The course is appropriate for use as remediation for students and effectively remediates computational skills and conceptual understanding needed to undertake high school–level math courses with confidence.

V225, V226, V227
TRIGONOMETRY AND STATISTICS

Grade 12 Elective

Probability and Statistics provides a curriculum focused on understanding key data analysis and probabilistic concepts, calculations, and relevance to real-world applications. Students are challenged to work toward mastery of computational skills, apply calculators and other technology in data analysis, deepen their understanding of key ideas and solution strategies, and extend their knowledge through a variety of problem-solving applications.

V204, V205, V206
CONSUMER MATH (Fundamental Math)

Fundamental Math explores foundational concepts in math. Students master basic skills and extend their knowledge as they prepare for more advanced work. Topics include basic number concepts such as whole numbers, counting, place value, rounding, exponents, and negative numbers; addition and subtraction; and multiplication and division. The course also covers fractions, operations with fractions, decimals, percents, ratios, problem solving, basic concepts in geometry, and measuring shapes.

V268, V269, V270
PRECALCULUS
Grade 12 Elective

Precalculus is a course that combines reviews of algebra, geometry, and functions into a preparatory course for calculus. The course focuses on the mastery of critical skills and exposure to new skills necessary for success in subsequent math courses. The first semester includes linear, quadratic, exponential, logarithmic, radical, polynomial, and rational functions; systems of equations; and conic sections. The second semester covers trigonometric ratios and functions; inverse trigonometric functions; applications of trigonometry, including vectors and laws of cosine and sine; polar functions and notation; and arithmetic of complex numbers.

V234, V235, V236
ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS

In AP Calculus AB, students learn to understand change geometrically and visually (by studying graphs of curves), analytically (by studying and working with mathematical formulas), numerically (by seeing patterns in sets of numbers), and verbally. Instead of simply getting the right answer, students learn to evaluate the soundness of proposed solutions and to apply mathematical reasoning to real-world models. Calculus helps scientists, engineers, and financial analysts understand the complex relationships behind real-world phenomena. The equivalent of an introductory college-level calculus course, AP Calculus AB prepares students for the AP exam and further studies in science, engineering, and mathematics.

ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS COURSES

V610
ENGLISH 6
Grade 6 Required Course

English 6 delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to build students' communication and reading comprehension skills. It focuses on reading comprehension, writing skills, and skills specific to speaking and listening. 

V710
ENGLISH 7
Grade 7 Required Course

English 7 delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to build students' communication and reading comprehension skills. Reading comprehension lessons strengthen students' critical analysis skills as they study how nonfiction and literature can be used to share ideas. Writing lessons combine free-response exercises with drafting strategies and exemplars to help students communicate clearly and credibly in narrative, argumentative, and explanatory styles. To develop skills specific to public discourse, speaking and listening lessons guide students as they evaluate clips and readings from speeches and discussions. In language lessons, students build foundational grammar skills they need to articulate their ideas and understand challenging words.

V810
ENGLISH 8
Grade 8 Required Course

English 8 delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to build students' communication and reading comprehension skills. Reading comprehension lessons strengthen students' critical analysis skills as they study how nonfiction and literature can be used to share ideas. Writing lessons combine free-response exercises with drafting strategies and exemplars to help students communicate clearly and credibly in narrative, argumentative, and explanatory styles. To develop skills specific to public discourse, speaking and listening lessons guide students as they evaluate clips and readings from speeches and discussions. In language lessons, students build foundational grammar skills they need to articulate their ideas and understand challenging words.

READING SKILLS & STRATEGIES

Reading Skills and Strategies is a course designed to help the struggling reader develop mastery in the areas of reading comprehension, vocabulary building, study skills, and media literacy, which are the course's primary content strands. Using these strands, the course guides the student through the skills necessary to be successful in the academic world and beyond.

WRITING SKILLS & STRATEGIES

Writing Skills and Strategies develops key language arts skills necessary for high school graduation and success on high stakes exams through a semester of interactive instruction and guided practice in composition fundamentals. 

V101, V102, V103 
ENGLISH 9 
Grade 9 Required

This three trimester course includes literature, writing, grammar and reading. Students read short stories, poems, a full-length novel, and a full-length Shakespeare play, analyzing the use of elements of literature in developing character, plot, and theme. For example, in selected stories, students compare the effect of setting on tone and character development. Likewise, in the poetry unit, students analyze how artists and writers draw from and interpret source material.

V152, V153, V154 
BASIC ENGLISH 9 
Grade 9 

This class is devoted to improving skills in reading, writing, grammar and public speaking, and is by teacher recommendation only. It offers a year of skill building and strategy development in reading and writing. The first half is a reading program designed to help struggling readers develop mastery in the areas of reading comprehension, vocabulary building, study skills, and media literacy. The second half is a writing program which builds confidence in composition fundamentals by focusing on the areas of composing, grammar, style, and media literacy. 

V104, V105, V106 
ENGLISH 10 
Grade 10  Required

Literature, writing, grammar and reading skills will be incorporated into this three trimester course. Research writing, drama, and public speaking are also included. A major focus of the English 10 course is the writing process. Three writing applications guide the curriculum: persuasive, expository, and narrative writing. Each lesson culminates in a written assignment that lets students demonstrate their developing skill in one of these applications.

V165, V166, V167
BASIC ENGLISH 10

Students read for a variety of purposes and write for a variety of audiences. The workshops stress high interest, engaging use of technology, relevant topics, and robustly scaffolded practice. Students learn to use different types of graphic organizers as they develop and internalize reading and writing process strategies. They build confidence as they develop skills and experience success on numerous low stakes assessments that encourage growth and reinforce learning.

V184, V185, V186 
ENGLISH 11 
Grade 11 Required

In the English 11 course, students examine the belief systems, events, and literature that have shaped the United States. They begin by studying the language of independence and the system of government developed by Thomas Jefferson and other enlightened thinkers. Next, they explore how the Romantics and Transcendentalists emphasized the power and responsibility of the individual in both supporting and questioning the government. Students consider whether the American Dream is still achievable and examine the Modernists’ disillusionment with the idea that America is a “land of opportunity.”

V110, V111, V112 
ENGLISH 12
Grade 12 Required

The English 12 course asks students to closely analyze world literature and consider how we humans define and interact with the unknown, the monstrous, and the heroic. In the epic poems The Odyssey, Beowulf, and The Inferno, in Shakespeare’s Tempest, in the satire of Swift, and in the rhetoric of World War II, students examine how the ideas of “heroic” and “monstrous” have been defined across cultures and time periods and how the treatment of the “other” can make monsters or heroes of us all.

V130 
Creative Writing 
Grade 11, 12 Elective

Creative Writing is an English elective course that focuses on the exploration of short fiction and poetry, culminating in a written portfolio that includes one revised short story and three to five polished poems. Students draft, revise, and polish fiction and poetry through writing exercises, developing familiarity with literary terms and facility with the writing process as they study elements of creative writing.

SOCIAL STUDIES COURSES

V650
SOCIAL STUDIES 6: MINNESOTA 
Grade 6 Required

Grade 6 Social Studies delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to build grade 6 students' understanding of the political and governmental systems of the United States and the roles played by citizens, from the perspective of Minnesota. Northern Lights 2nd edition created by the Minnesota Historical Society, meets Minnesota social studies standards. Northern Lights materials include interactive investigations that reference primary sources and make connections among history, civics, economics, and geography. Includes enriched American Indian content. Students analyze civic life, political practices, and government structures, building the depth of knowledge and higher-order thinking skills, all while learning Minnesota history.

V750
SOCIAL STUDIES 7
Grade 7 Required

Grade 7 U.S. History delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to build middle school students' knowledge of U.S. history, from the peopling of North America through the era of Reconstruction. Students engage with the subject matter in an interactive, feedback-rich environment as they progress through standards-aligned content. By constantly honing their ability to analyze history, students build the depth of knowledge and higher-order thinking skills required to demonstrate their mastery when put to the test.

V850
SOCIAL STUDIES 8
Grade 8 Required

Grade 8 World delivers instruction, practice, and review designed to build middle school students' knowledge of contemporary world geography, cultures, civics, and economics. By honing their ability to analyze the physical, social, and political forces that shape our world, students build the depth of knowledge and higher-order thinking skills required to demonstrate their mastery when put to the test.

V401, V402
GEOGRAPHY 

Grade 9 Geography offers a tightly focused and scaffolded curriculum that enables students to explore how geographic features, human relationships, political and social structures, economics, science and technology, and the arts have developed and influenced life in countries around the world. Along the way, students are given rigorous instruction on how to read maps, charts, and graphs, and how to create them. 

V40
EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY 
Grade 9 Required

This Grade 9 course traces the nation's history from the pre-colonial period to the end of the American Civil War. It emphasizes the colonial period and the creation of a new nation and examines the beliefs and philosophies that informed the American Revolution and the subsequent formation of the government and political system.

V404, V405, V406 
AMERICAN HISTORY 
Grade 10 Required

This course traces the nation's history from the end of the Civil War to the present. It describes the emergence of the United States as an industrial nation, highlighting social policy as well as its role in modern world affairs. Citizenship and Government skills are imbedded in the curriculum. 

V410, V411, V412 
WORLD HISTORY 
Grade 11 Required

This three trimester sequence of courses will concentrate on the history, culture, types of government and religions of the various regions of the world. Students learn to see the world today as a product of a process that began thousands of years ago when humans became a speaking, travelling, and trading species. Through historical analysis grounded in primary sources, case studies, and research, students investigate the continuity and change of human culture, governments, economic systems, and social structures. 

V416 
ECONOMICS 
Grade 12 Required

Economics is the study of choices people and government make in an effort to satisfy their wants and needs. The course covers fundamental properties of economics, including an examination of markets from both historical and current perspectives; the basics of supply and demand; the theories of early economic philosophers such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo; theories of value; the concept of money and how it evolved; the role of banks, investment houses, and the Federal Reserve; Keynesian economics; the productivity, wages, investment, and growth involved in capitalism; unemployment, inflations, and the national debt; and a survey of the global economy.

V419 
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT 
Grade 12 Required

In this course students examine the history, principles, and function of the political system established by the U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Starting with a basic introduction to the role of government in society and the philosophies at the heart of American democracy, this course provides students with the knowledge needed to be informed and empowered participants in the U.S. political system. Citizenship and Government skills are imbedded in the curriculum. 

V421 
SOCIOLOGY 
Grade 11, 12 Elective

This course will deal with the study of human relationships and contemporary problems that face American society. Sociology examines why people think and behave as they do in relationships, groups, institutions, and societies. Major course topics include individual and group identity, social structures and institutions, social change, social stratification, social dynamics in recent and current events, the effects of social change on individuals, and the research methods used by social scientists.

V423 
PSYCHOLOGY 
Grade 11, 12 Elective

This course is designed to introduce students to various areas of psychology. Psychology provides a solid overview of the field's major domains: methods, biopsychology, cognitive and developmental psychology, and variations in individual and group behavior. Topics to be studied will include human behavior, theories of learning, emotions and motivation, and personality disorders.

SCIENCE COURSES

V640
SCIENCE 6
Grade 6 Required

Grade 6 Science delivers instruction, practice, and review to help students develop scientific literacy, deepen conceptual understanding, and apply scientific practices. Students explore concepts such as the flow of energy and matter through both living and nonliving systems, including Earth's systems; Earth's weather and climate; the interaction between humans and the environment; the relationship between structure and function; and growth, development, and reproduction in organisms.

V740
SCIENCE 7
Grade 7 Required

Grade 7 Science delivers instruction, practice, and review to help students develop scientific literacy, deepen conceptual understanding, and apply scientific practices. Students explore concepts such as the structures and properties of matter; chemical reactions; the flow of energy through systems, including Earth's living and nonliving systems; and the history of Earth.

V840
SCIENCE 8
Grade 8 Required

Science 8, Earth and Space Science delivers instruction, practice, and review to help students develop scientific literacy, deepen conceptual understanding, and apply scientific practices. Students explore concepts including Earth's systems, engineering design, the nature of the universe, and the interaction between humans and the environment.

V301, V302, V303 
PHYSICAL SCIENCE 
Grade 9 Required

Physical Science offers a focused curriculum designed around the understanding of foundational physical science concepts, including the nature of matter, energy, and forces, as well as the application of scientific and engineering practices. Topics will include a general overview of matter and energy and an introduction to scientific measurement using the metric system. Part of the course will be devoted to providing the basic knowledge of chemistry needed for good citizenship in dealing with today’s chemically oriented world and to prepare the student for the classes in chemistry. Other topics covered will be of mechanical things such as energy, work, forces, and motion. A study of heat and temperature may be included. Some consideration will also be given to light, color, electricity, magnetism, and environmental and conservation topics. Earth and Space Science will be a review of the Solar System and our universe. Planet earth and its atmosphere along with our natural resources will be studied. 

V304, V305, V306 
BASIC PHYSICAL SCIENCE 
Grade 9 Pre-Requisite: Teacher Recommendation (in place of physical science) 

This course is designed to help those students who are having reading difficulty with science material. Basic Physical Science offers a focused curriculum designed around the understanding of critical physical science concepts, including the nature and structure of matter, the characteristics of energy, and the mastery of critical scientific skills. Topics will include the study of matter, elements, forces, motion, and energy which includes heat, waves, sound, light, electricity, and magnetism. Some earth science topics will also be covered to meet part of the high school state science standard. 

V339, V340, V341 
CHEMISTRY 
Grade 10 Required

Chemistry offers a curriculum that emphasizes students' understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts while helping them acquire tools to be conversant in a society highly influenced by science and technology. This is a sequence of three trimesters. (1) General introduction with emphasis on analysis of lab data, physical and chemical properties, Periodic Table and atomic structure. (2) Emphasis on chemical bonding, formulas and the principles of chemical reactions. (3) Emphasis on chemical equations, gas laws solutions, acids and bases, organic chemistry and qualitative analysis. 

V307, V308, V309
BIOLOGY 
Grades 11 Required

Biology focuses on the mastery of basic biological concepts and models while building scientific inquiry skills and exploring the connections between living things and their environment. This course will begin with an introductory chapter on Biology in the 21st Century. The focus of the class will then be cells. Study areas will include structure and function, cellular energy, and growth and division. Towards the end of trimester one, genetics will be introduced. The second trimester will continue with a focus on genetics. This will lead to an introduction of evolution and the trimester concludes with a unit on ecology. The second trimester will also focus on classification and the diversity of life. Topics will include microscopic life, plants, and animals. Environmental topics will be included at various times. Students will be required to bring in articles dealing with science topics throughout the school year. This will lead to class discussions on these topics. Lab experiences will include dissections and microscope work and outdoor field work. Lab facilities are also available for student projects. Chemistry deals with all the substances that make up our environment. The study of chemistry will help you understand scientific activity by placing a heavy emphasis on lab work and the analysis of experiments and demonstrations. 

V320, V321, V322 
PHYSICS 
Grades 11, 12 Pre-Requisite: Algebra II Trigonometry preferred 

Physics offers a curriculum that emphasizes students' understanding of fundamental physics concepts while helping them acquire tools to be conversant in a society highly influenced by science and technology. This is a sequence of three trimesters which studies matter and energy interactions. Topics covered include: scientific method, motion (linear, projectile, centripetal) forces, momentum, gravity, fluids, pressure, waves (heat, sound, light), electricity, magnetism, and some modern physics topics. 

V342 
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 
Grades 11, 12 Elective

Environmental Science explores the biological, physical, and sociological principles related to the environment in which organisms live on Earth, the biosphere. Course topics include natural systems on Earth, biogeochemical cycles, the nature of matter and energy, the flow of matter and energy through living systems, populations, communities, ecosystems, ecological pyramids, renewable and non-renewable natural resources, land use, biodiversity, pollution, conservation, sustainability, and human impacts on the environment.

V329
CHEMISTRY IN THE EARTH SYSTEM
Grades 9-12 Elective

Chemistry in the Earth System integrates chemistry with biology and Earth science. Throughout the course, students apply fundamental chemistry concepts to better understand how matter and energy interact in the natural and designed world, how human activities impact Earth's systems, and how science can be used to develop new technologies and engineering solutions.

V331
PHYSICS OF THE UNIVERSE
Grades 9-12 Elective

Physics of the Universe integrates physics with Earth and space science. Throughout the course, students apply fundamental physics concepts to better understand the impact of human activities on Earth's systems and how forces, energy, and matter interact throughout the universe.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION COURSES

V532
HEALTH 1

This course will promote an awareness of the importance of choosing a healthy lifestyle based on the wellness concept. This course is to be taken your 10th grade year, however it will be open to 11th and 12th graders who need it for graduation.

V533
HEALTH 2

Health 2 provides a guide for students as they develop knowledge, skills and attitudes in a variety of health-related subjects, including mental and emotional health, social health, physical fitness, substance use, disease prevention and treatment, safety and injury prevention.

V525, V526, V527
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH SCIENCE

Principles of Health Science provides knowledge and skills students need for careers in health care. Students explore the services, structure, and professions of the health care system and get guidance on choosing a specific career path in health services, including career paths in emergency medicine, nutrition, and alternative medicine.

V670
PHY ED 6
Grade 6 Required

Physical Education 6 combines the best of online instruction with actual student participation in weekly cardiovascular, aerobic, and muscle toning activities. The course promotes an understanding of the value of physical fitness and aims to motivate students to participate in physical activities throughout their lives.

V770
PHY ED 7
Grade 7 Required

Physical Education 7 combines the best of online instruction with actual student participation in weekly cardiovascular, aerobic, and muscle toning activities. The course promotes an understanding of the value of physical fitness and aims to motivate students to participate in physical activities throughout their lives.

V870
PHY ED 8
Grade 8 Required

Physical Education 8 combines the best of online instruction with actual student participation in weekly cardiovascular, aerobic, and muscle toning activities. The course promotes an understanding of the value of physical fitness and aims to motivate students to participate in physical activities throughout their lives.

V501
GENERAL PHY ED 9
Grade 9

Physical Education 9 combines the best of online instruction with actual student participation in weekly cardiovascular, aerobic, and muscle toning activities. The course promotes an understanding of the value of physical fitness and aims to motivate students to participate in physical activities throughout their lives.

V504
INTERMEDIATE PHY ED 10
Grade 10

Physical Education 10 combines the best of online instruction with actual student participation in weekly cardiovascular, aerobic, and muscle toning activities. The course promotes an understanding of the value of physical fitness and aims to motivate students to participate in physical activities throughout their lives.

V507
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Grades 9-12 Elective

Students will be introduced to a variety of Recreational Activities including archery, golf, disc golf, croquet, bocce ball, badminton, pickleball, table tennis, and other activities. 

BUSINESS COURSES

V831, V832, V833
ACCOUNTING 1
Grade 9-12 Elective

Accounting I examines how to make decisions about planning, organizing, and allocating resources using accounting procedures. Throughout the course, students focus on double-entry accounting; methods and principles of recording business transactions; the preparation of various documents used in recording revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities; and the preparation of financial statements.

V816, V817, V818
ACCOUNTING II
Grade 9-12 Elective

Accounting II builds on the foundation acquired in Accounting I, allowing students to extend their skills and knowledge in the subject. The course focuses on various managerial, financial, and operational accounting activities that require the formulation, interpretation, and communication of financial information for use in management decision making. Students will use equations, graphical representations, accounting tools, spreadsheet software, and accounting systems in real-world situations to maintain, monitor, control, and plan the use of financial resources.

V859
BUSINESS COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Grades 9-12 Elective

Applications provides an introduction to software applications that prepares students to succeed in the workplace and beyond. Students will develop an understanding of professional communications and leadership skills while gaining proficiency with word processing, email, and presentation management software. Students will also be able to demonstrate digital literacy through basic study web publishing and design, spreadsheets and database software.

V855
MONEY MANAGEMENT
Grades 9-12 Elective

Would you like to learn how to keep more of the money you earn? This one trimester course introduces students to necessary money management and saving techniques including: insurance, loans, credit cards, and taxes. Learning takes place in very real-world, hands-on situations.

V822, V823, V824
MATHEMATICS OF PERSONAL FINANCE
Grades 9-12 Elective

Mathematics of Personal Finance focuses on real-world financial literacy, personal finance, and business subjects. Students apply what they learned in Algebra I and Geometry to topics including personal income, taxes, checking and savings accounts, credit, loans and payments, car leasing and purchasing, home mortgages, stocks, insurance, and retirement planning.

FINE ARTS COURSES

V623, V624
ART APPRECIATION
Grades 9-12

Art Appreciation is a survey of the history of Western visual arts, with a primary focus on painting. Students begin with an introduction to the basic principles of painting and learn how to critique and compare works of art. Students then explore prehistoric and early Greek and Roman art before they move on to the Middle Ages. Emphasis is placed on the Renaissance and the principles and masters that emerged in Italy and northern Europe. Students continue their art tour with the United States during the 20th century, a time of great innovation as abstract art took center stage. While Western art is the course's primary focus, students will finish the course by studying artistic traditions from Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.

V646, V647, V648
MUSIC APPRECIATION
Grades 9-12

Music Appreciation introduces students to the history, theory, and genres of music, from the most primitive surviving examples through the classical to the most contemporary in the world at large. The course is offered in a two-semester format. The first semester covers primitive musical forms and classical music. The second semester presents the rich modern traditions, including American jazz, gospel, folk, soul, blues, Latin rhythms, rock and roll, and hip-hop.

ELECTIVES

V860-0002, V860-003
College & Career Exploration 1
Grade 8 Elective

In College and Career Preparation I, students obtain a deeper understanding of what it means to be ready for college. Students are informed about the importance of high school performance in college admissions and how to prepare for college testing. Career readiness is also a focus. Students connect the link between interests, college majors, and future careers by analyzing career clusters. Students come away from this course understanding how smart preparation and skill development in high school can lead into expansive career opportunities after they have completed their education and are ready for the working world.

V878
College & Career Exploration 2
Grades 9-12

Students who complete this course obtain a deeper understanding of college and career readiness through informative, interactive critical thinking and analysis activities while sharpening their time management, organization, and learning skills. Course includes interviewing techniques and career guidance.

WORLD LANGUAGE

V563, V564, V565
SPANISH 1
Grades 9-12 Elective

Spanish I teaches students to greet people, describe family and friends, talk about hobbies, and communicate about other topics, such as home life, occupations, travel, and medicine. Each lesson presents vocabulary, grammar, and culture in context, followed by explanations and exercises. Vocabulary includes terms to describe school subjects, parts of the body, and people, as well as idiomatic phrases. Instruction in language structure and grammar includes the structures and uses of present-tense verb forms, imperatives, adjective agreement, impersonal constructions, formal and informal address, and reflexive verbs. Students explore words used in different Spanish-speaking regions and learn about the cultures of Spanish-speaking countries and regions within and outside Europe.